1. The nuclear lamins are cytoskeletal fibres that coat the INE. They provide attachment points for chromosomes during interphase, and therefore help to organise the structure of the nucleus. During prometaphase, they are phosphorylated, and allow the nucleus to disintegrate. During telophase, lamin B-containing vesicles condense around DNA to reform the nucleus.
  2. The cell cycle consists of essentially four stages: an initial gap phase, where the cell grows to a sufficient size to consider dividing, followed by a phase of DNA synthesis. After the DNA has been replicated, a second gap phase precedes the division, during which the cell synthesises the other machinery required for chromosome separation. Between each phase, there is a checkpoint, where the cell 'asks questions' of itself, to determine if e.g. all DNA has been successfully replicated, whether the cell is sufficiently large to divide, whether all chromosomes are aligned on the metaphase plate, etc.