Molecular structures
There's a dearth of decent resources for molecular drawings out there. (Update: at least until PubChem arrived). This is my little contribution to plugging that gap. The files are all available in (at least) PNG graphical format, and ISIS Draw SKC format, which you can manipulate to your heart's content (providing you install ISIS Draw of course). There are also a few Brookhaven protein database format (PDB) files you can view using Chime, Jmol, or similar. The JPG files are generally screen-dumps of the PDB files, and the GIFs are animated spinning images of the PDB files.
All the PNG, SKC and JPG files were made by me, and you may do what you will with them. The small molecular PDB files have been generated from SMILES strings, generally downloaded from PubChem, 3D-ed using CORINA, and diddled with by hand to reinstate the multiple bonds that PDB doesn't really support. The larger molecules (mostly proteins) have been downloaded from sites allowing free redistribution (mostly the RCSM databank). The GIFs were made using pdb2gif, and the membrane cutaways are reproduced from H. Heller, M. Schäfer & K. Schulten (1993) Molecular dynamics simulation of a bilayer of 200 lipids in the gel and in the liquid-crystal phases. Journal of Physical Chemistry 97 8343-8360.
The orbitals were generated using Orbital Viewer, followed by some tarting with a Perl script to generate a faked PDB file from the (x,y,z) data. The orbitals are arranged with the x-axis horizontal, y-axis vertical, and z-axis coming out of the plane of the screen. Each orbital has 5000 points from the relevant distribution in a hydrogen or carbon atom (for hybrids and molecular orbitals). f-orbitals are those of the general set, not the cubic set. The quantum numbers and a little more data are in the headers of the PDB file, should you want them.
Of all the pages I have ever written, this one has the largest chance of being packed full of errors, so caveat surfer. In particular, the stereochemistry of items that are not explicitly labelled with an IUPAC descriptor may well be unspecified. Drawing the sugars nearly killed me, so there will almost certainly be mistakes in some of the more obscure ones.
| Alcohols | Aldehydes and ketones | Alkaloids | Alkanes | Alkenes | Alkynes | Amides | Amines | Amino acids | Arenes | Arsenic compounds | Azo compounds | Biochemical pathways | Boron compounds | Carbamates | Carboxylic acids | Cofactors | Cyanides | Esters | Ethers | Halogen compounds | Lipids | Nitroarenes and anilines | Nucleotides | Orbitals | Phenols | Phosphorus compounds | Phthalates | Polymers | Porphyrins | Proteins | Silicon compounds | Sugars | Sulfur compounds | Terpenes |
Alcohols
- 2, 2-Dimethylpropan-1-ol ( png skc )
- 2-Methylbutan-1-ol ( png skc )
- 2-Methylbutan-2-ol ( png skc )
- 2-Methylpropan-1-ol ( png skc )
- 2-Methylpropan-2-ol ( pdb png skc smiles )
- 3-Methylbutan-1-ol ( png skc )
- 3-Methylbutan-1-ol (linebond) ( png skc )
- 3-Methylbutan-2-ol ( png skc )
- 3-Methylbutan-2-ol (linebond) ( png skc )
- 3-Methylpentan-2-ol (linebond) ( png skc )
- 4-Methylpentan-2-ol (linebond) ( png skc )
- Alcohol oxidations ( png skc )
- Alcohol types ( png skc )
- Butan-1-ol ( png skc )
- Butan-2-ol ( png skc )
- Cyclohexane-1, 3-diol ( png skc )
- Cyclohexanol ( png skc )
- Cyclopentane-1, 2-diol ( png skc )
- Docosanol ( png skc )
- Ethane-1, 2-diol ( png skc )
- Ethanol ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Hexadecanol ( png skc )
- Ice ( pdb png )
- Methanol ( png skc )
- Oct-1-en-3-ol ( png skc )
- Pentaerythritol ( png skc )
- Pentan-1-ol ( png skc )
- Pentan-1-ol (linebond) ( png skc )
- Pentan-2-ol ( png skc )
- Pentan-3-ol ( png skc )
- Propan-1-ol ( png skc )
- Propan-2-ol ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Water ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
Aldehydes and ketones
- 2-Methylpropanal ( png skc )
- 3-Methylpropan-2-one ( png skc )
- 3E, 5S, 6R, 7R-6-Ethyl-7-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)dec-3-enal ( png skc )
- 3E, 5S, 6R, 7R-6-Ethyl-7-hydroxy-5-(2-phenylethyl)dec-3-enal (numbered) ( png skc )
- Benzaldehyde ( png skc )
- Butanal ( png skc )
- Butanedione (diacetyl) ( png skc )
- Butanone ( png skc )
- Cip rule expansion ( png skc )
- Ethanal (acetaldehyde) ( png skc )
- Glutaraldehyde ( png skc )
- Glutaraldehyde (cyclic) ( png skc )
- Grignard addition ( png skc )
- Hydroxyethanal ( png skc )
- Metaldehyde ( png skc )
- Methanal (formaldehyde) ( png skc )
- Methoxymethanal ( png skc )
- Pentan-2-one ( png skc )
- Pentan-3-one ( png skc )
- Propanal ( png skc )
- Propanone (acetone) ( png skc )
- Propanone nucleophilic attack ( png skc )
- Vanillin ( png skc )
Alkaloids
- 1, 3-Diazetidine ( png skc )
- β-Carboline ( png skc )
- cis-Zeatin ( png skc )
- trans-Zeatin ( png skc )
- Acridine ( png skc )
- Allantoic acid ( png skc )
- Allantoin ( png skc )
- Alloxane ( png skc )
- Amphetamine ( png )
- Atropine ( png skc )
- Atropine (hyoscyamine) ( png skc )
- Atropine (tropane highlighted) ( png skc )
- Azete ( png skc )
- Azetidine ( png skc )
- Aziridine ( png skc )
- Azocane ( png skc )
- Barbituric acid ( png skc )
- Benzimidazole ( png skc )
- Brucin ( png skc )
- Caffeine ( png skc )
- Capsaicin ( jpg pdb png smiles )
- Carbazole ( png skc )
- Chloroquine ( png skc )
- Cinnoline ( png skc )
- Cocaine ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Cocaine (sticks) ( jpg )
- Cocaine (tropane highlighted) ( png skc )
- Codeine ( png skc )
- Colchicine ( png skc )
- Coniine ( png skc )
- Copper quinolinolate ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Cyanuric acid ( png skc )
- Cyproconazole ( png skc )
- D-Amphetamine ( png skc )
- D-Ephedrine ( png skc )
- D-Methamphetamine ( png skc )
- D-Pseudoephedrine ( png skc )
- Ecstasy ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Ecstasy (linebond notation) ( png skc )
- Emetine ( png skc )
- Fluoxetine (Prozac) ( pdb smiles )
- Heroin ( png skc )
- Hydantoin ( png skc )
- Imidazole ( png skc )
- Imidazolidine ( png skc )
- Indazole ( png skc )
- Indole ( png skc )
- Indole acetic acid (auxin) ( png skc )
- Indoline ( png skc )
- Indolizine ( png skc )
- Isoindole ( png skc )
- Isoindoline ( png skc )
- Isoniazid ( png skc )
- Isoquinoline ( png skc )
- Kinetin ( png skc )
- L-Amphetamine ( png skc )
- L-Ephedrine ( png skc )
- L-Methamphetamine ( png skc )
- L-Pseudoephedrine ( png skc )
- LSD ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Lupinine ( png skc )
- Lysergamide ( png skc )
- Lysergic acid ( png skc )
- Methamphetamine ( png )
- Morphine ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Morphine (isoquinoline highlighted) ( png skc )
- Morphine (sticks) ( jpg )
- Naphthyridine ( png skc )
- Nevirapine ( png skc )
- Nicotine ( png skc )
- Nicotine (pyrrole highlighted) ( png skc )
- Papaverine ( png skc )
- Paraquat ( png skc )
- Perimidine ( png skc )
- Phenanthridine ( png skc )
- Phenanthroline ( png skc )
- Phenazine ( png skc )
- Phthalazine ( png skc )
- Piericidin a ( png skc )
- Piperazine ( png skc )
- Piperidine ( png skc )
- Propiconazole ( png skc )
- Psilocybin ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Psilocybin (indole highlighted) ( png skc )
- Pteridine ( png skc )
- Pterin ( png skc )
- Purine ( png skc )
- Pyrazine ( png skc )
- Pyrazole ( png skc )
- Pyrazolidine ( png skc )
- Pyridazine ( png skc )
- Pyridine ( png skc )
- Pyrimidine ( png skc )
- Pyrrole ( png skc )
- Pyrrolidine ( png skc )
- Pyrrolizidine ( png skc )
- Pyrrolizine ( png skc )
- Quinazoline ( png skc )
- Quinine ( png skc )
- Quinoline ( png skc )
- Quinolinic acid ( png skc )
- Quinolizidine ( png skc )
- Quinolizine ( png skc )
- Quinoxaline ( png skc )
- Quinuclidine ( png skc )
- Safranin ( png skc )
- Scopolamine ( png skc )
- Scopolamine (tropane highlighted) ( png skc )
- Scopoletin ( skc )
- Senecionine ( png skc )
- Serotonin ( png skc )
- Serotonin (indole highlighted) ( png skc )
- Skatole ( png skc )
- Solanine ( png skc )
- Strychnine ( png skc )
- Tebuconazole ( png skc )
- Theobromine ( png skc )
- Theophylline ( png skc )
- Tropane ( png skc )
- Tryptamine ( png skc )
- Tyrian purple ( png skc )
- Uric acid ( png skc )
- Vinblastine ( png skc )
- Vincristine ( png skc )
- Vindoline ( png skc )
Alkanes
- 2, 2-Dimethylbutane ( png skc )
- 2, 2-Dimethylpropane ( png skc )
- 2, 3-Dimethylbutane ( png skc )
- 2-Methylbutane ( png skc )
- 2-Methylbutane (linebond) ( png skc )
- 2-Methylpentane ( png skc )
- 2-Methylpropane ( png skc )
- 3-Methylpentane ( png skc )
- Butane ( png skc )
- Cyclobutane ( png skc )
- Cyclohexane ( png skc )
- Cyclopentane ( png skc )
- Cyclopropane ( png skc )
- Ethane ( png skc )
- Hexane ( png skc )
- Methane ( png skc )
- Pentane ( png skc )
- Propane ( png skc )
Alkenes
- 2, 4-Dimethylpenta-2, 4-diene ( png skc )
- 2-Methylbut-1-ene ( png skc )
- 2-Methylbut-2-ene ( png skc )
- 3-Methylbut-1-ene ( png skc )
- 3-Methylpent-1-ene ( png skc )
- 4-Methylpent-1-ene ( png skc )
- E-2-Chloropent-2-ene ( png skc )
- E-4-Methylpent-2-ene ( png skc )
- E-But-2-ene ( png skc )
- E-Hex-2-ene ( png skc )
- E-Hex-3-ene ( png skc )
- E-Pent-2-ene ( png skc )
- Z-2-Chloropent-2-ene ( png skc )
- Z-4-Methylpent-2-ene ( png skc )
- Z-But-2-ene ( png skc )
- Z-Hex-2-ene ( png skc )
- Z-Hex-3-ene ( png skc )
- Z-Pent-2-ene ( png skc )
- Alkene addition mechanism ( png skc )
- But-1-ene ( png skc )
- Buta-1, 2, 3-triene (cumulene) ( png skc )
- Buta-1, 2-diene ( png skc )
- Buta-1, 3-diene ( png skc )
- Ethene ( png skc )
- Hex-1-ene ( png skc )
- Non-1-ene ( png skc )
- Non-2-ene ( png skc )
- Nona-2, 4-diene ( png skc )
- Pent-1-ene ( png skc )
- Propadiene (allene) ( png skc )
- Propene ( png skc )
Alkynes
- 4-Methylpent-2-yne ( png skc )
- But-1-yne ( png skc )
- But-2-yne ( png skc )
- Buta-1, 3-diyne ( png skc )
- Ethyne ( png skc )
- Hex-1-yne ( png skc )
- Hex-2-yne ( png skc )
- Hex-3-yne ( png skc )
- Pent-1-yne ( png skc )
- Pent-2-yne ( png skc )
- Propyne ( png skc )
Amides
- Acrylamide ( png skc )
- Barbiturate ( png skc )
- Butanamide ( png skc )
- Capsaicin ( skc )
- Capsaicin (sticks) ( jpg )
- Carbamoyl phosphate ( png skc )
- Coronatine ( png skc )
- Ethanamide ( png skc )
- Lignocaine ( png skc )
- Methanamide (formamide) ( png skc )
- Methylene-bis-acrylamide ( png skc )
- Paracetamol ( png skc )
- Phenobarbital ( png skc )
- Propanamide ( png skc )
- Urea ( png skc )
Amines
- Amantidine ( png skc )
- Amine types ( png skc )
- Ammonia ( png skc )
- Benzalkonium chloride ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Benzidine ( png skc )
- Butan-1-amine ( png skc )
- Cadaverine ( png skc )
- Choline ( png skc )
- Didecyldimethylammonium chloride ( png skc )
- Ethanamine ( png skc )
- Ethanolamine ( png skc )
- Ketamine ( png skc )
- Methanamine ( png skc )
- N, N, N', N'-tetramethyl-para-phenylenediamine ( png skc )
- Pentanamine (linebond) ( png skc )
- Propan-1-amine ( png skc )
- Putrescine ( png skc )
- Spermidine ( png skc )
- Spermine ( png skc )
- Toluidine ( png skc )
- Trimethylcocoammonium chloride ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane ( png skc )
Amino acids
- γ-Aminobutyric acid ( png skc )
- N-Acetyllysine ( png skc )
- N-Formyl methionine ( png skc )
- N-Methylarginine ( png skc )
- N-Methyllysine ( png skc )
- N-Phosphohistidine ( png skc )
- O-Acetylhomoserine ( png skc )
- O-Acetylserine ( png skc )
- O-Phosphoserine ( png skc )
- O-Phosphothreonine ( png skc )
- O-Phosphotyrosine ( png skc )
- Adrenaline ( png skc )
- Alanine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Alanine (ions) ( png skc )
- Alanine (zwitterion) ( png skc )
- Alanylalanine hydrolysis ( png skc )
- Amino acid racemase mechanism ( png skc )
- Aminopyrrolysine ( png skc )
- Arginine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Arginine (ions) ( png skc )
- Arginosuccinic acid ( png skc )
- Arogenic acid ( png skc )
- Asparagine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Asparagine (ions) ( png skc )
- Aspartame ( png skc )
- Aspartame (linebond notation) ( png skc )
- Aspartic acid ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Aspartic acid (ions) ( png skc )
- Carnitine ( png skc )
- Chymotrypsin mechanism ( png skc )
- Citrulline ( png skc )
- Creatine ( png skc )
- Creatine phosphate ( png skc )
- Creatinine ( png skc )
- Cystathionine ( png skc )
- Cysteine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Cysteine (ions) ( png skc )
- Cystine ( png skc )
- Cystine formation ( png skc )
- D-Amino acid ( png skc )
- Dopamine ( png skc )
- Glu arg cys his ( png skc )
- Glu arg cys his (pH 10) ( png skc )
- Glutamate dehydrogenase ( png skc )
- Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase ( png skc )
- Glutamate synthase ( png skc )
- Glutamic acid ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Glutamic acid (ions) ( png skc )
- Glutamine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Glutamine (ions) ( png skc )
- Glutamine synthetase ( png skc )
- Glycine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Glycine (ions) ( png skc )
- Histidine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Histidine (ions) ( png skc )
- Homocysteine ( png skc )
- Homoserine ( png skc )
- Hydroxylysine ( png skc )
- Hydroxyproline ( png skc )
- Hydroxypyrrolysine ( png skc )
- Isoleucine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Isoleucine (ions) ( png skc )
- L-Amino acid ( png skc )
- L-DOPA ( png skc )
- Leucine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Leucine (ions) ( png skc )
- Lysine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Lysine (ions) ( png skc )
- Melatonin ( png skc )
- Methionine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Methionine (ions) ( png skc )
- Noradrenaline ( png skc )
- Ornithine ( png skc )
- Phenylalanine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Phenylalanine (ions) ( png skc )
- Phenylketonuria metabolism ( png skc )
- Proline ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Proline (ions) ( png skc )
- Proline racemase ( png skc )
- Pyrrolysine ( png skc )
- Sarcosine ( png skc )
- Selenocysteine ( png skc )
- Serine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Serine (ions) ( png skc )
- Serine synthesis ( png skc )
- Threonine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Threonine (ions) ( png skc )
- Threonine optical isomery ( png skc )
- Threonine stereoisomery ( png skc )
- Transaminase glutamate dehydrogenase ( png skc )
- Transaminases ( png skc )
- Tryptophan ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Tryptophan (ions) ( png skc )
- Tyrosine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Tyrosine (ions) ( png skc )
- Valine ( pdb png skc smiles )
- Valine (ions) ( png skc )
Arenes
- M-Hexahelicene ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- P-Hexahelicene ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- meta-Xylene ( png skc )
- ortho-Xylene ( png skc )
- para-Xylene ( png skc )
- Aceanthrylene ( png skc )
- Acenaphthylene ( png skc )
- Acephenanthrylene ( png skc )
- Anthracene ( png skc )
- Benz[a]anthracene ( png skc )
- Benz[a]anthracene ligninase oxidation ( png skc )
- Benzene ( png skc )
- Benzo[a]pyrene ( png skc )
- Benzo[a]pyrene monooxidation ( png skc )
- Chrysene ( png skc )
- Coronene ( png skc )
- Cumene ( png skc )
- Diels-Alder condensation ( png skc )
- Fluoranthene ( png skc )
- Fluorene ( png skc )
- Friedel-Crafts alkylation ( png skc )
- Fulvene ( png skc )
- Mesitylene ( png skc )
- Naphthalene ( png skc )
- Naphthalene dioxygenase ( png skc )
- Ovalene ( png skc )
- Perylene ( png skc )
- Phenalene ( png skc )
- Phenanthrene ( png skc )
- Picene ( png skc )
- Pleiadene ( png skc )
- Pyrene ( png skc )
- Rubicene ( png skc )
- Stilbene ( png skc )
- Styrene ( png skc )
- Toluene ( png skc )
Arsenic compounds
Azo compounds
Biochemical pathways
- β-Oxidation ( png )
- Calvin cycle ( png )
- Glycolysis ( png )
- Krebs cycle ( png )
- Nitrogen assimilation ( png )
- Pentose phosphate pathway ( png )
- Photorespiration ( png )
- Sulfur metabolism ( png )
- Urea cycle ( png )
Boron compounds
- meta-Boric acid ( png skc )
- Borate anion ( png skc )
- Borax ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- Boric acid ( png skc )
- Boric oxide ( png skc )
- Borinane ( png skc )
- Hexaborate dianion ( png skc )
- Nonaborate trianion ( png skc )
- Orthorhombic meta-borate ( png skc )
- Orthorhombic meta-boric acid ( png skc )
- Pentaborate monoanion ( png skc )
- Pentaborate trianion ( png skc )
- Pentadecaborate trianion ( png skc )
- Peroxobiborate dianion ( png skc )
- Peroxoborate monoanion ( png skc )
- Tetraborate dianion ( png skc )
- Triborate dianion ( png skc )
- Triborate monoanion ( png skc )
- Triborate trianion ( png skc )
Carbamates
- Aldicarb ( png skc )
- Aldicarb oxidation ( png skc )
- Carbaryl ( png skc )
- Carbendazim ( png skc )
- Carbofuran ( png skc )
- Ethiofencarb ( png skc )
- Propuxur ( png skc )
Carboxylic acids
- 1, 3-bis-Phosphoglyceric acid ( png skc )
- 2-Phosphoglyceric acid ( png skc )
- 2-Phosphoglycolic acid ( png skc )
- 3-Phosphoglyceric acid ( jpg pdb png skc smiles )
- 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (calvin labelling) ( png skc )
- 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (calvin reduction) ( png skc )
- α-Ketoglutaric acid ( png skc )
- α-Naphthalene acetic acid ( png skc )
- cis-Aconitic acid ( png skc )
- iso-Citric acid ( png skc )
- Acetic acid ( png skc )
- Acetoacetate decarboxylation ( png skc )
- Acetoacetic acid ( png skc )
- Acrylic acid ( png skc )
- Angelic acid ( pdb png skc sm
